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state functionary

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state functionary 官吏。

官吏。 “state“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.〔常作 S-〕國，國家；〔通例作 S-〕(美國 ...“functionary“ 中文翻譯：   n. 工作人員，職員，官員。 a petty funct ...“functionary“ 中文翻譯：   n. 工作人員，職員，官員。 a petty functionary小職員。 a public functionary公務員。 “a minor functionary“ 中文翻譯：   小官“judicial functionary“ 中文翻譯：   法院工作人員, 司法工作人員“political functionary“ 中文翻譯：   政務類公務員“professional functionary“ 中文翻譯：   業務類公務員“public functionary“ 中文翻譯：   公務人員, 公職人員, 國家職員“salaried functionary“ 中文翻譯：   受薪官員“in a state“ 中文翻譯：   處于糟糕、混亂或不整潔的狀態“in a state of“ 中文翻譯：   處于……的狀態“in state“ 中文翻譯：   本州的; 正式地, 莊重地“on state“ 中文翻譯：   導通狀態; 接通的; 通態“state“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.〔常作 S-〕國，國家；〔通例作 S-〕(美國、澳洲的)州；〔the States〕 美國。 2.國務，政權，政府。 3.身分，地位，資格，社會階層。 4.狀況，情形，情況，形勢。 5.〔口語〕難看的樣子，邋遢相。 6.憂慮，興奮，激動[狀態]。 7.優越的生活；盛大的儀式；尊嚴，氣派。 8.〔pl.〕 (Jersey 及 Guernsey 的)議會。 9.〔古語〕寶座，(寶座上的)華蓋；(餐桌的)上席。 10.版畫制作中的任一階段。 fight for the state 為國家作戰。 affairs of state 國事。 Have you been to the States 你到過美國沒有？ What's the state of affairs 有什么情況？ the state of the case 實情，真相。 What a state you are in! 你怎么這樣激動[狼狽]。 a visit of state 正式訪問。 a state of siege 戒嚴狀態。 a state of war 戰爭狀態。 be in a state 不太好，不振。 be in a state of grace 【宗教】蒙受神恩。 in a good state of repair 修理得很好。 in a great state 威風凜凜。 in a state of nature 1. 處于原始(未開化)狀態。 2. 一絲不掛地，裸體。 3. 【宗教】有罪。 in a terrible state 情況惡劣；非常激動。 in easy [great] state 很輕松[嚴重]的樣子。 in state 堂皇地，莊嚴地，正式地，鄭重地。 keep up one's state 保持尊嚴，擺架子。 live in state 過豪華生活。 lie in state 殯殮后任人瞻仰。 State of the State message 〔美國〕(總統的)國情咨文。 State of the World message 〔美國〕(總統的)世界情勢咨文[即外交政策報告]。 adj. 國家的，國務的，公務的；〔美國〕州的，儀式用的；來賓用的；正式的；華麗的，壯麗的。 state service 國務，公務。 a state call 〔口語〕國事訪問。 a state apartment 大禮堂，大廳；貴賓室。 vt. 1.講，說明，陳述。 2.〔常用 p.p.〕規定，指定(日期、地點、價錢等)。 3.【數學】用符號或代數式表示(問題、關系等)。 state one's case 陳述自己主張[立場]。 I'll state. 〔美國〕實在是那樣。 It is stated that... 據說。 state an account 開賬單，算賬。 “state‘s will“ 中文翻譯：   國家意志“will of the state“ 中文翻譯：   國家意志“a state within a state“ 中文翻譯：   國中之國“idle state; free state“ 中文翻譯：   空閑狀態“special state-to-state relations“ 中文翻譯：   特殊二國論; 特殊國與國關系; 特殊兩國論“state administration of state property“ 中文翻譯：   國家國有資產管理局“state and state functions“ 中文翻譯：   狀態與狀態函數“state to state reaction“ 中文翻譯：   態-態反應“state-state reactions“ 中文翻譯：   態反應“state-to-state reaction dynamics“ 中文翻譯：   態-態反應動力學“state-to-state relation“ 中文翻譯：   國與國關系

state funeral

The subject of the crime can be classified into 3 : primary state functionary , quasi - state - functionary and the forth part : criminal responsibility of the joint offender who uses public funds this part explains the scope of the joint offender who uses the public funds , and then discusses the criminal responsibility of the joint offender 第四部分：共犯使用人的責任這一部分對挪用公款罪共同犯罪人成立的條件，共犯使用人的范圍進行了界定，并對共犯使用人的刑事責任認定問題進行了討論。

Article 190 any legal entity that opens an account in the name of an individual for the buying and selling of securities in violation of the provisions of this law shall be ordered to make a rectification , confiscated of the illegal income and concurrently imposed a fine of more than 100 % less than 500 % of the illegal income ; its person - in - charge directly responsible and other personnel directly responsible who are state functionaries shall be imposed administrative sanctions 第一百九十條違反本法規定，法人以個人名義設立賬戶買賣證券的，責令改正，沒收違法所得，并處以違法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罰款；其直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員屬于國家工作人員的，依法給予行政處分。

Part one : foreword , as an introduction to the main text by analyzing the present situation and states of the state functionary as special criminal body part two : survey of legislation , systematically introductions the evolution of legislation concerned with state functionary on mainland of china and the criminal legislation about the public service personnel in hongkong , macao or taiwan and the general situation legislation of abroad about government functionary and public service personnel as well 該部分通過分析國家工作人員作為特殊犯罪主體的地位和現狀，引出正文。第二部分，立法概況。該部分系統介紹了中國大陸國家工作人員的立法沿革，介紹了中國港、澳、臺刑法中的公務員以及國外刑法中的公職人員或公務員的立法概況。

The cognizance of the essential subject must be based on the specification in article 93 of the general rules in the criminal law . its range should include the formal state functionaries or the state department functionaries , namely the persons who are appointed by state departments to engage in public service , and the assumed state functionaries or the quasi state functionaries , namely the persons who can be considered as the state functionaries 對于基本主體的認定必須以刑法總則中第93條的規定為依據，具體范圍應包括當然的國家工作人員，或稱國家機關工作人員，即在國家機關中從事公務的人員，以及擬定的國家工作人員，或稱為準國家工作人員，即“以國家工作人員論”的國家工作人員。

Article xx state functionaries in charge of control over the export of dual - purpose nuclear goods and correlated technologies shall have their criminal responsibilities investigated according to the law if their conduct of neglecting their duties , playing favoritism , committing irregularities , or abusing their authority constitutes a crime ; and if their conduct does not constitute a crime , they shall be disciplined according to the law 第二十條對核兩用品及相關技術出口實施管制的國家工作人員玩忽職守、徇私舞弊或者濫用職權，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，依法給予行政處分。

If cases involving other grave crimes committed by state functionaries by taking advantage of their functions and powers need be handled directly by the people ' s procuratorates , they may be placed on file for investigation by the people ' s procuratorates upon decision by the people ' s procuratorates at or above the provincial level 對于國家機關工作人員利用職權實施的其他重大的犯罪案件，需要由人民檢察院直接受理的時候，經省級以上人民檢察院決定，可以由人民檢察院立案偵查。

The subject of the crime of accepting bribe is only limited to state functionary , including those working in the state organ , government offices , administrative companies and institutions , and quasi - state functionary , including those working in the state - owned enterprises , institutions and social organizations as well as those appointed to non - state - owned companies , institutions or social organization and those engaged in public affairs in accordance with law 國家工作人員包括國家機構工作人員，政黨、政協機關工作人員，具有國家機關性質的機構工作人員，行政性公司、事業單位中從事公務的人員。準國家工作人員包括國有公司(國有獨資有限責任公司和國有企業單獨作為發起人設立的股份有限公司) 、企業、事業單位、人民團體中從事公務的人員，國家機關、國有公司、企業、事業單位委派到非國有公司、企業、事業單位、社會團體中從事公務的人員，其他依照法律從事公務的人員。

Specifically , the author probes this power ' s features from three aspects : its nature of procedure and litigation , and its main focus on the crimes by state functionaries by taking advantage of duties . furthermore , the author demonstrates its justification required by the judiciary practice , and finally , puts forward a few proposals on improving the procedures in this respect so as to strenghthen the effect of the prosecutorial supervision 為了對這個問題進行深入論證，還從程序性、訴訟性、職務犯罪監督等三個方面考察了檢察監督權的特性，從司法實踐客觀需要的角度分析了檢察監督權的正當性，在上述理論前提下，提出了在我國三大訴訟法中完善檢察監督權行使程序規范的幾點設想，以增強檢察監督在司法實踐中的實效。

Article 49 whoever commits fraud or other acts violating the discipline or sports rules in competitive sports shall be punished by the relevant public sports organization in accordance with the provisions of its articles of association ; state functionaries who are held directly responsible shall be subject to administrative sanctions in accordance with law 第四十九條在競技體育中從事弄虛作假等違反紀律和體育規則的行為，由體育社會團體按照章程規定給予處罰；對國家工作人員中的直接責任人員，依法給予行政處分。

Article 45 whoever incites , instigates or forcibly orders accounting offices , accounting personnel and other persons to forge or alter accounting vouchers or account books , to prepare false financial and accounting reports , or to conceal or intentionally destroy accounting vouchers , account books as well as financial and accounting reports that should be kept according to law , and therefore constitutes a crime , shall be investigated for criminal liability in accordance with law ; a fine of not less than 5 , 000 yuan but not more than 50 , 000 yuan may be imposed if no crime is constituted , and the persons who are state functionaries shall also be imposed upon administrative sanctions of demoting to a lower rank , removing from post or expelling from the units according to law by the unit to which they belong or the unit concerned 第四十五條授意、指使、強令會計機構、會計人員及其他人員偽造、變造會計憑證、會計帳簿，編制虛假財務會計報告或者隱匿、故意銷毀依法應當保存的會計憑證、會計帳簿、財務會計報告，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，可以處五千元以上五萬元以下的罰款；屬于國家工作人員的，還應當由其所在單位或者有關單位依法給予降級、撤職、開除的行政處分。

Persons who perform public service in state - owned companies or , enterprises , institutions or people ' s organizations , persons who are assigned by state organs , state - owned companies , enterprises or institutions to companies , enterprises or institutions that are not owned by the state or people ' s organizations to perform public service and the other persons who perform public service according to law shall all be regarded as state functionaries 國有公司、企業、事業單位、人民團體中從事公務的人員和國家機關、國有公司、企業、事業單位委派到非國有公司、企業、事業單位、社會團體從事公務的人員，以及其他依照法律從事公務的人員，以國家工作人員論。

Whoever , by means of violence or threat , resists the seizure of smuggled goods shall be punished for the crime of smuggling and the crime of preventing state functionaries from performing their duties according to law , as stipulated in article 277 of this law , and in accordance with the provisions regarding the combined punishment for several crimes 以暴力、威脅方法抗拒緝私的，以走私罪和本法第二百七十七條規定的阻礙國家機關工作人員依法執行職務罪，依照數罪并罰的規定處罰。

Article 384 any state functionary who , by taking advantage of his position , misappropriates public funds for his own use or for conducting illegal activities , or misappropriates a relatively large amount of public funds for profit - making activities , or misappropriates a relatively large amount of public funds and fails to return it after the lapse of three months , shall be guilty of misappropriation of public funds and shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention ; if the circumstances are serious , he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than five years 第三百八十四條國家工作人員利用職務上的便利，挪用公款歸個人使用，進行非法活動的，或者挪用公款數額較大、進行營利活動的，或者挪用公款數額較大、超過三個月未還的，是挪用公款罪，處五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情節嚴重的，處五年以上有期徒刑。

Article 50 whoever resorts to banned drugs or methods in sports activities shall be punished by the relevant public sports organization in accordance with the provisions of its articles of association ; state functionaries who are held directly responsible shall be subject to administrative sanctions in accordance with law 第五十條在體育運動中使用禁用的藥物和方法的，由體育社會團體按照章程規定給予處罰；對國家工作人員中的直接責任人員，依法給予行政處分。

The author elaborates the basic feature of “ state functionaries “ “ “ engaging in public duty in conformity with legal provisions “ , and analyses the subject determination in different situations . the subjective aspects of the crime 在挪用公款罪的主體方面，重點論述了國家工作人員的“依法從事公務”的內涵、特征及其表現形式，針對不同情況下主體的認定進行了分析，從而通過實證的分析，明確了“公務”的主要法律形態。

Part three : concept of state functionary defined by criminal law , discussing the comprehension of the concept of state functionary then analyzing the relationship between the concepts of state functionary , cadre and state cadre 第三部分，我國刑法中的國家工作人員的概念。該部分首先論述對國家工作人員概念理解，然后分析國家工作人員與干部、國家干部概念的關系。

Article 72 it is prohibited for state functionaries , employees of the news media and other persons concerned to fabricate and disseminate false information , thereby seriously affecting securities trading 第七十二條禁止國家工作人員新聞傳播媒介從業人員和有關人員編造并傳播虛假信息，嚴重影響證券交易。

Article 7 the state encourages state functionaries , active servicemen and students of institutions of higher learning to take the lead in donating blood , setting a good example in fostering new social values 第七條國家鼓勵國家工作人員、現役軍人和高等學校在校學生率先獻血，為樹立社會新風尚作表率。

Article 7 the state encourages state functionaries , active - duty service personnel and students in institutions of higher learning to take the lead in blood donation to set a role model in new social tendency 第七條國家鼓勵國家工作人員、現役軍人和高等學校在校學生率先獻血，為樹立社會新風尚作表率。